Human Phenotype Ontology 
Grandparent Node:
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Abnormal forebrain morphology (HP:0100547)help
Parent Node:
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Abnormal cerebral morphology (HP:0002060)help
..Starting node
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Megalencephaly (HP:0001355)help
Term ID: 1355
Name: Megalencephaly
Synonym: Enlarged brain; Macrencephaly
Definition: Diffuse enlargement of the entire cerebral hemispheres leading to macrocephaly (with or without overlying cortical dysplasia).
Comments:
Reference: HP:0001355
Genes and Diseases:
 
       Child Nodes:
........expandHemimegalencephaly (HP:0007206) help

 Sister Nodes: 
..expandAbnormal cerebral cortex morphology (HP:0002538) help
..expandAbnormal cerebral subcortex morphology (HP:0010993) help
..expandAbnormal septum pellucidum morphology (HP:0007375) help
..expandAplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebrum (HP:0007364) help
..expandAtrophy/Degeneration affecting the cerebrum (HP:0007369) help
..expandCerebral calcification (HP:0002514) help
..expandCerebral edema (HP:0002181) help
..expandCerebral granulomatosis (HP:0100313) help
..expandCerebral inclusion bodies (HP:0100314) help
..expandDiffuse cerebral sclerosis (HP:0006918) help
..expandEncephalomalacia (HP:0040197) help
..expandGranulovacuolar degeneration (HP:0002528) help
..expandLeukoencephalopathy (HP:0002352) help
..expandPorencephalic cyst (HP:0002132) help
..expandSchizencephaly (HP:0010636) help
InputHPO IDHPO termDistanceGeneGene id entrezHGNC IDDiseaseIdDiseaseNameFrequencyOnsetHGMD variantsClinVar variants
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype typical associations:
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype less frequent non-typical associations:
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0AKT3 CL E G H10000393ORPHA:99802Hemimegalencephaly19
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0AKT3 CL E G H10000393OMIM:615937Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus syndrome 219
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0AKT3 CL E G H10000393ORPHA:83473Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent19
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0ASPA CL E G H443756ORPHA:314911Severe Canavan diseaseHP:0040283 - Occasional48
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0CCND2 CL E G H8941583OMIM:615938Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus syndrome 3.11
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0CCND2 CL E G H8941583ORPHA:83473Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent11
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0CDON CL E G H5093717104ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional200
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0CRADD CL E G H87382340OMIM:614499Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 34, with variant lissencephaly.6
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0DEPDC5 CL E G H968118423OMIM:604364Epilepsy, familial focal, with variable foci172
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0DEPDC5 CL E G H968118423ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci172
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0DISP1 CL E G H8497619711ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional22
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0DLL1 CL E G H285142908ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional3
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0FGF8 CL E G H22533686ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional17
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0FGFR2 CL E G H22633689OMIM:101200Apert syndrome.175
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0FGFR3 CL E G H22613690OMIM:100800ACHONDROPLASIA.145
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0FGFR3 CL E G H22613690OMIM:616482Achondroplasia, severe, with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans.145
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0FOXH1 CL E G H89283814ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional48
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0GAS1 CL E G H26194165ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional2
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0GLI2 CL E G H27364318ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional173
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HEPACAM CL E G H22029626361OMIM:604004Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1.82
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HEPACAM CL E G H22029626361OMIM:613925Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 2A.82
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HEPACAM CL E G H22029626361OMIM:613926Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 2B, remitting, with or without mental retardation.82
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HERC1 CL E G H89254867OMIM:617011Macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, and psychomotor retardation.16
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HERC1 CL E G H89254867ORPHA:457359Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent16
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0HRAS CL E G H32655173OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome113
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0IFNG CL E G H34585438OMIM:613254Tuberous sclerosis-223
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0KRAS CL E G H38456407OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome196
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0MLC1 CL E G H2320917082OMIM:604004Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1.112
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0MTOR CL E G H24753942OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor68
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0MTOR CL E G H24753942ORPHA:99802Hemimegalencephaly68
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0MTOR CL E G H24753942ORPHA:457485Macrocephaly-intellectual disability-neurodevelopmental disorder-small thorax syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent68
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0MTOR CL E G H24753942OMIM:616638Smith-Kingsmore syndrome68
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0NODAL CL E G H48387865ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional45
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0NPRL2 CL E G H1064124969ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci4
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0NPRL3 CL E G H813114124ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci7
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0NRAS CL E G H48937989OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome102
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PIK3CA CL E G H52908975ORPHA:99802Hemimegalencephaly162
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PIK3CA CL E G H52908975OMIM:602501Megalencephaly-Capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome.162
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PIK3R2 CL E G H52968980OMIM:603387Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus syndrome.12
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PIK3R2 CL E G H52968980ORPHA:83473Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent12
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PTCH1 CL E G H57279585ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional665
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0PTEN CL E G H57289588OMIM:158350Cowden syndrome 1948
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0RAB39B CL E G H11644216499OMIM:311510Waisman syndrome.34
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0SHH CL E G H646910848ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional67
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0SIX3 CL E G H649610889ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional32
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0SMO CL E G H660811119OMIM:601707Curry-Jones syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional22
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0SMS CL E G H661111123ORPHA:3063X-linked intellectual disability, Snyder typeHP:0040284 - Very rare19
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0STIL CL E G H649110879ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional99
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0STRADA CL E G H9233530172OMIM:611087Polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy.6
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0STRADA CL E G H9233530172ORPHA:500533Polyhydramnios-megalencephaly-symptomatic epilepsy syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent6
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TBC1D7 CL E G H5125621066OMIM:248000Macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive.4
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TDGF1 CL E G H699711701ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional1
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TGIF1 CL E G H705011776ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional32
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TSC1 CL E G H724812362OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor1090
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TSC1 CL E G H724812362OMIM:191100Tuberous sclerosis-11090
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TSC2 CL E G H724912363OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor2738
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0TSC2 CL E G H724912363OMIM:613254Tuberous sclerosis-22738
HP:0001355HP:0001355Megalencephaly0ZIC2 CL E G H754612873ORPHA:280195Septopreoptic holoprosencephalyHP:0040283 - Occasional34
HP:0001355HP:0034329Dysplastic megalencephaly1 CL E G H
HP:0001355HP:0034220Temporal lobe megalencephaly1 CL E G H
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1AKT3 CL E G H10000393ORPHA:99802HemimegalencephalyHP:0040282 - Frequent19
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1AKT3 CL E G H10000393OMIM:615937Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus syndrome 219
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1DEPDC5 CL E G H968118423OMIM:604364Epilepsy, familial focal, with variable foci172
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1DEPDC5 CL E G H968118423ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable fociHP:0040284 - Very rare172
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1HRAS CL E G H32655173OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome.113
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1IFNG CL E G H34585438OMIM:613254Tuberous sclerosis-223
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1KRAS CL E G H38456407OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome.196
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1MTOR CL E G H24753942OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor68
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1MTOR CL E G H24753942ORPHA:99802HemimegalencephalyHP:0040282 - Frequent68
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1MTOR CL E G H24753942OMIM:616638Smith-Kingsmore syndrome68
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1NPRL2 CL E G H1064124969ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable fociHP:0040284 - Very rare4
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1NPRL3 CL E G H813114124ORPHA:98820Familial focal epilepsy with variable fociHP:0040284 - Very rare7
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1NRAS CL E G H48937989OMIM:163200Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome.102
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1PIK3CA CL E G H52908975ORPHA:99802HemimegalencephalyHP:0040282 - Frequent162
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1PTEN CL E G H57289588OMIM:158350Cowden syndrome 1948
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1SMO CL E G H660811119OMIM:601707Curry-Jones syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional22
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1TSC1 CL E G H724812362OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor1090
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1TSC1 CL E G H724812362OMIM:191100Tuberous sclerosis-11090
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1TSC2 CL E G H724912363OMIM:607341Focal cortical dysplasia of taylor2738
HP:0001355HP:0007206Hemimegalencephaly1TSC2 CL E G H724912363OMIM:613254Tuberous sclerosis-22738


Genes (42) :AKT3 ASPA CCND2 CDON CRADD DEPDC5 DISP1 DLL1 FGF8 FGFR2 FGFR3 FOXH1 GAS1 GLI2 HEPACAM HERC1 HRAS IFNG KRAS MLC1 MTOR NODAL NPRL2 NPRL3 NRAS PIK3CA PIK3R2 PTCH1 PTEN RAB39B SHH SIX3 SMO SMS STIL STRADA TBC1D7 TDGF1 TGIF1 TSC1 TSC2 ZIC2

Diseases (32) :ORPHA:99802 OMIM:615937 ORPHA:83473 ORPHA:314911 OMIM:615938 ORPHA:280195 OMIM:614499 OMIM:604364 ORPHA:98820 OMIM:101200 OMIM:100800 OMIM:616482 OMIM:604004 OMIM:613925 OMIM:613926 OMIM:617011 ORPHA:457359 OMIM:163200 OMIM:613254 OMIM:607341 ORPHA:457485 OMIM:616638 OMIM:602501 OMIM:603387 OMIM:158350 OMIM:311510 OMIM:601707 ORPHA:3063 OMIM:611087 ORPHA:500533 OMIM:248000 OMIM:191100
 

Human Phenotype Ontology(HPO) is developed by the Human Phenotype Ontology Consortium. The version used here is December 15 2022 release.