Human Phenotype Ontology 
Grandparent Node:
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Abnormal skeletal muscle morphology (HP:0011805)help
Parent Node:
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Abnormal muscle fiber morphology (HP:0004303)help
..Starting node
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Ragged-red muscle fibers (HP:0003200)help
Term ID: 3200
Name: Ragged-red muscle fibers
Synonym: Mitochondrial proliferation in muscle tissue; Ragged red muscle fibers; Ragged red muscle fibres; Ragged-red fibers; Ragged-red fibres; Ragged-red muscle fibres
Definition: An abnormal appearance of muscle fibers observed on muscle biopsy. Ragged red fibers can be visualized with Gomori trichrome staining as irregular and intensely red subsarcolemmal zones, whereas the normal myofibrils are green. The margins of affect fibers appear red and ragged. The ragged-red is due to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria below the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to the appearance of a red rim and speckled sarcoplasm.
Comments:
Reference: HP:0003200
Genes and Diseases:
 
       Child Nodes:

 Sister Nodes: 
..expandAbnormal muscle fiber protein expression (HP:0030089) help
..expandAbnormal muscle glycogen content (HP:0012269) help
..expandAbnormality of skeletal muscle fiber size (HP:0012084) help
..expandAutophagic vacuoles (HP:0003736) help
..expandCentral core regions in muscle fibers (HP:0030230) help
..expandCentrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers (HP:0003687) help
..expandDeposits immunoreactive to beta-amyloid protein (HP:0003791) help
..expandIncreased endomysial connective tissue (HP:0100297) help
..expandIncreased muscle lipid content (HP:0009058) help
..expandInternally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers (HP:0031237) help
..expandMotheaten muscle fibers (HP:0100298) help
..expandMuscle fiber atrophy (HP:0100295) help
..expandMuscle fiber hypertrophy (HP:0100293) help
..expandMuscle fiber inclusion bodies (HP:0100299) help
..expandMuscle fiber necrosis (HP:0003713) help
..expandMuscle fiber splitting (HP:0003555) help
..expandMyelin-like whorls in vacuolated fibers (HP:0031542) help
..expandNecklace skeletal muscle fibers (HP:0031238) help
..expandPerifascicular muscle fiber atrophy (HP:0100296) help
..expandReduced muscle carnitine level (HP:0030362) help
..expandRimmed vacuoles (HP:0003805) help
..expandRing fibers (HP:0100305) help
..expandType 1 muscle fiber predominance (HP:0003803) help
..expandType 2 muscle fiber predominance (HP:0010602) help
InputHPO IDHPO termDistanceGeneGene id entrezDiseaseIdDiseaseNameDiseaseMIMConceptIDSourceTypical associationHGMD variantsClinVar variantsHGNC IDGeneMIM
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype typical associations:
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0AIFM1 CL E G H9131300816Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6300816C3151753OMIM15758768300169
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0BCS1L CL E G H617124000Mitochondrial complex III deficiency124000C1852372OMIM14131020603647
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0CHCHD10 CL E G H400916457050ORPHA129715559615903
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0COQ2 CL E G H27235607426Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary 1607426C1843920OMIM134625223609825
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0DGUOK CL E G H1716617070Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 4617070C4310733OMIM12392858601465
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0EARS2 CL E G H124454614924Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12614924C3554079OMIM133629419612799
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MGME1 CL E G H92667352447ORPHA115716205615076
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ATP8 CL E G H4509480ORPHA17415516070
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO1 CL E G H4512550ORPHA17419516030
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO1 CL E G H4512540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17419516030
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO2 CL E G H4513550ORPHA17421516040
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO2 CL E G H4513540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17421516040
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO3 CL E G H4514550ORPHA17422516050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CO3 CL E G H4514540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17422516050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-CYB CL E G H4519540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17427516020
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND1 CL E G H4535550ORPHA17455516000
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND1 CL E G H4535540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17455516000
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND4 CL E G H4538550ORPHA17459516003
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND5 CL E G H4540551ORPHA17461516005
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND5 CL E G H4540550ORPHA17461516005
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND5 CL E G H4540540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17461516005
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND6 CL E G H4541550ORPHA17462516006
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-ND6 CL E G H4541540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17462516006
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-RNR1 CL E G H4549551ORPHA117470180450
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TC CL E G H4511540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17477590020
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TE CL E G H4556254864ORPHA17479590025
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TF CL E G H4558551ORPHA17481590070
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TF CL E G H4558550ORPHA17481590070
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TF CL E G H4558540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17481590070
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TF CL E G H4558545000Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers545000C0162672OMIM17481590070
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TH CL E G H4564551ORPHA17487590040
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TH CL E G H4564550ORPHA17487590040
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TI CL E G H4565545000Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers545000C0162672OMIM17488590045
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TK CL E G H4566551ORPHA17489590060
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TK CL E G H45661349Chromosome 9, partial monosomy 9pC2931695ORPHA17489590060
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TK CL E G H4566540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17489590060
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TK CL E G H4566545000Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers545000C0162672OMIM17489590060
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567550ORPHA17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567480ORPHA17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567551ORPHA17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567663Maternally-inherited progressive external ophthalmoplegiaCN924917ORPHA17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL1 CL E G H4567545000Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers545000C0162672OMIM17490590050
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TL2 CL E G H4568663Maternally-inherited progressive external ophthalmoplegiaCN924917ORPHA17491590055
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TN CL E G H4570663Maternally-inherited progressive external ophthalmoplegiaCN924917ORPHA17493590010
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TP CL E G H4571551ORPHA17494590075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TP CL E G H4571545000Myoclonus with epilepsy with ragged red fibers545000C0162672OMIM17494590075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TQ CL E G H4572550ORPHA17495590030
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TQ CL E G H4572551ORPHA17495590030
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TQ CL E G H4572540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17495590030
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS1 CL E G H4574551ORPHA17497590080
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS1 CL E G H4574550ORPHA17497590080
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS1 CL E G H4574540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17497590080
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS1 CL E G H4574663Maternally-inherited progressive external ophthalmoplegiaCN924917ORPHA17497590080
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS2 CL E G H4575550ORPHA17498590085
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS2 CL E G H4575551ORPHA17498590085
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TS2 CL E G H4575540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17498590085
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TV CL E G H4577540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17500590105
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TW CL E G H4578550ORPHA17501590095
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MT-TW CL E G H4578540000Juvenile myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis AND stroke540000C0162671OMIM17501590095
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0MYH7 CL E G H4625160500Myopathy, distal, 1160500CN074249OMIM141067577160760
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0NEFH CL E G H4744616924Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2CC616924C4310790OMIM17147737162230
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0PABPN1 CL E G H8106270ORPHA1858565602279
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428254886ORPHA123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H542870595ORPHA123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428254892ORPHA123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428157640Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 1157640C1834846OMIM123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428258450Cerebellar ataxia infantile with progressive external ophthalmoplegia258450C1850303OMIM123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428603041Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1 (MNGIE type)603041C0872218OMIM123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428298Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathyCN918676ORPHA123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG CL E G H5428607459Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis607459C1843851OMIM123249179174763
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0POLG2 CL E G H11232254892ORPHA13579180604983
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0RRM2B CL E G H50484480ORPHA135417296604712
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0RRM2B CL E G H50484254892ORPHA135417296604712
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0RRM2B CL E G H50484298Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathyCN918676ORPHA135417296604712
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SDHA CL E G H6389252011Mitochondrial complex II deficiency252011C1855008OMIM1250310680600857
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SDHAF1 CL E G H644096252011Mitochondrial complex II deficiency252011C1855008OMIM17733867612848
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SDHD CL E G H6392252011Mitochondrial complex II deficiency252011C1855008OMIM168610683602690
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SLC25A26 CL E G H115286616794Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28616794C4225206OMIM114220661611037
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SLC25A32 CL E G H81034616839Exercise intolerance, riboflavin-responsive616839C4225187OMIM117429683610815
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SLC25A4 CL E G H291254892ORPHA133310990103220
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SLC25A4 CL E G H291609283Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 2609283C1836460OMIM133310990103220
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0SPG7 CL E G H668799013ORPHA196611237602783
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TK2 CL E G H7084254886ORPHA144211831188250
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TK2 CL E G H7084609560Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 2609560C3149750OMIM144211831188250
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TRMU CL E G H55687254864ORPHA162325481610230
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TWNK CL E G H5665270595ORPHA14501160606075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TWNK CL E G H56652254892ORPHA14501160606075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TWNK CL E G H56652609286Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 3609286C1836439OMIM14501160606075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TWNK CL E G H56652607459Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis607459C1843851OMIM14501160606075
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TYMP CL E G H1890603041Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1 (MNGIE type)603041C0872218OMIM18953148131222
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0TYMP CL E G H1890298Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathyCN918676ORPHA18953148131222
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype less frequent non-typical associations:
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0ALG14 CL E G H199857353327ORPHA014428287612866
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0ALG2 CL E G H85365353327ORPHA033523159607905
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0ALG2 CL E G H85365616228Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 14616228C4015597OMIM033523159607905
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0DPAGT1 CL E G H1798353327ORPHA03122995191350
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0GFPT1 CL E G H2673353327ORPHA05244241138292
HP:0003200HP:0003200Ragged-red muscle fibers0GMPPB CL E G H29925353327ORPHA036422932615320


Genes (79) :AIFM1 ALG14 ALG2 ATP8 BCS1L CHCHD10 COQ2 COX1 COX2 COX3 CYTB DGUOK DPAGT1 EARS2 GFPT1 GMPPB MGME1 MT-ATP8 MT-CO1 MT-CO2 MT-CO3 MT-CYB MT-ND1 MT-ND4 MT-ND5 MT-ND6 MT-RNR1 MT-TC MT-TE MT-TF MT-TH MT-TI MT-TK MT-TL1 MT-TL2 MT-TN MT-TP MT-TQ MT-TS1 MT-TS2 MT-TV MT-TW MYH7 ND1 ND4 ND5 ND6 NEFH PABPN1 POLG POLG2 RNR1 RRM2B SDHA SDHAF1 SDHD SLC25A26 SLC25A32 SLC25A4 SPG7 TK2 TRMU TRNC TRNE TRNF TRNH TRNI TRNK TRNL1 TRNL2 TRNN TRNP TRNQ TRNS1 TRNS2 TRNV TRNW TWNK TYMP

Diseases (35) :300816 353327 616228 480 124000 457050 607426 550 540000 617070 614924 352447 160500 551 616924 270 70595 254892 254886 157640 258450 603041 298 607459 252011 616794 616839 609283 99013 609560 254864 545000 1349 663 609286
 

Human Phenotype Ontology(HPO) is developed by the Human Phenotype Ontology Consortium. The version used here is August 2021 release.