Human Phenotype Ontology 
Grandparent Node:
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Abnormality of prenatal development or birth (HP:0001197)help
Parent Node:
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Abnormality of the neck (HP:0000464)help
Parent Node:
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Fetal ultrasound soft marker (HP:0011425)help
..Starting node
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Thickened nuchal skin fold (HP:0000474)help
Term ID: 474
Name: Thickened nuchal skin fold
Synonym: Excess nuchal skin; Increased nuchal fold; Increased nuchal fold thickness; Thick nuchal fold; Thickened nuchal skin; Thickened skin folds of neck; Thickened skin over the neck
Definition: A thickening of the skin thickness in the posterior aspect of the fetal neck. A nuchal fold (NF) measurement is obtained in a transverse section of the fetal head at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and thalami, angled posteriorly to include the cerebellum. The measurement is taken from the outer edge of the occiput bone to the outer skin limit directly in the midline. An NF measurement greater than 5 mm at 14 to 17+6 weeks of gestation, or 6 mm at 18 to 28 weeks has been associated with a markedly increased risk for Down syndrome.
Comments:
Reference: HP:0000474
Genes and Diseases:
 
       Child Nodes:

 Sister Nodes: 
..expandAbsence of stomach bubble on fetal sonography (HP:0010963) help
..expandEchogenic fetal bowel (HP:0010943) help
..expandEchogenic intracardiac focus (HP:0010942) help
..expandEnlarged fetal cisterna magna (HP:0011427) help
..expandFetal choroid plexus cysts (HP:0011426) help
..expandFetal fifth finger clinodactyly (HP:0011431) help
..expandFetal pyelectasis (HP:0010945) help
..expandHypoplasia of fetal nasal bone (HP:0011430) help
..expandMild fetal ventriculomegaly (HP:0010952) help
..expandShort fetal femur length (HP:0011428) help
..expandShort fetal humerus length (HP:0011429) help
..expandSingle umbilical artery (HP:0001195) help
InputHPO IDHPO termDistanceGeneGene id entrezHGNC IDDiseaseIdDiseaseNameFrequencyOnsetHGMD variantsClinVar variants
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype typical associations:
 
HPO disease - gene - phenotype less frequent non-typical associations:
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0ABCC6 CL E G H36857ORPHA:758Pseudoxanthoma elasticumHP:0040281 - Very frequent415
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0ALG9 CL E G H7979615672ORPHA:79328ALG9-CDGHP:0040283 - Occasional93
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0ALG9 CL E G H7979615672OMIM:263210Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome93
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0ATP6V1B2 CL E G H526854ORPHA:79500DOORS syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent5
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0C9ORF72 CL E G H20322828337ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent56
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0C9ORF72 CL E G H20322828337ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent56
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0CBL CL E G H8671541ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent317
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0CHMP2B CL E G H2597824537ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent42
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0CHMP2B CL E G H2597824537ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent42
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0EBP CL E G H106823133ORPHA:401973MEND syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent51
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0EFNB1 CL E G H19473226ORPHA:1520Craniofrontonasal dysplasiaHP:0040282 - Frequent27
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0ENPP1 CL E G H51673356ORPHA:758Pseudoxanthoma elasticumHP:0040281 - Very frequent151
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0FOXF1 CL E G H22943809OMIM:265380Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins61
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0GATA1 CL E G H26234170OMIM:190685Down syndrometrisomy 21, included.29
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0GRN CL E G H28964601ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent126
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0GRN CL E G H28964601ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent126
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0HNRNPK CL E G H31905044OMIM:616580Au-Kline syndrome.8
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0HRAS CL E G H32655173ORPHA:3071Costello syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent113
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0KRAS CL E G H38456407ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent196
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0LAMA5 CL E G H39116485OMIM:6200765
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0LZTR1 CL E G H82166742ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent43
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0MAPT CL E G H41376893ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent140
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0MAPT CL E G H41376893ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent140
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0MRAS CL E G H228087227ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0NRAS CL E G H48937989ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent102
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0OFD1 CL E G H84812567OMIM:300209Simpson-golabi-behmel syndrome, type 2.201
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX1 CL E G H51898850ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional169
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX10 CL E G H51928851ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional75
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX11B CL E G H87998853ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional4
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX12 CL E G H51938854ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional65
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX13 CL E G H51948855ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional66
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX14 CL E G H51958856ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional46
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX16 CL E G H94098857ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional59
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX19 CL E G H58249713ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional62
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX2 CL E G H58289717ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional82
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX26 CL E G H5567022965ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional106
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX3 CL E G H85048858ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional47
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX5 CL E G H58309719ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional99
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PEX6 CL E G H51908859ORPHA:912Zellweger syndromeHP:0040283 - Occasional98
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PIGN CL E G H235568967ORPHA:2059Fryns syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent37
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PSAT1 CL E G H2996819129ORPHA:284417Phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency, infantile/juvenile formHP:0040282 - Frequent27
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PSEN1 CL E G H56639508ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent241
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PSEN1 CL E G H56639508ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent241
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0PTPN11 CL E G H57819644ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent291
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RAF1 CL E G H58949829ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent212
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RASA2 CL E G H59229872ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent3
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RIT1 CL E G H601610023ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent39
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RNU4ATAC CL E G H10015168334016ORPHA:2636Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism types I and IIIHP:0040282 - Frequent15
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RRAS CL E G H623710447ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0RRAS2 CL E G H2280017271ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent1
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SLC26A2 CL E G H183610994ORPHA:93298Achondrogenesis type 1BHP:0040281 - Very frequent166
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SLC35A2 CL E G H735511022ORPHA:356961SLC35A2-CDGHP:0040283 - Occasional27
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SOS1 CL E G H665411187ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent315
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SOS2 CL E G H665511188ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent30
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SPRED2 CL E G H20073417722ORPHA:648Noonan syndromeHP:0040281 - Very frequent
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0SQSTM1 CL E G H887811280ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent62
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TBC1D24 CL E G H5746529203ORPHA:79500DOORS syndromeHP:0040282 - Frequent271
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TBC1D24 CL E G H5746529203OMIM:220500Doors syndrome271
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TMEM106B CL E G H5466422407ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TMEM106B CL E G H5466422407ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TRAF7 CL E G H8423120456OMIM:618164Cardiac, facial, and digital anomalies with developmental delay.
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TREM2 CL E G H5420917761ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent31
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TREM2 CL E G H5420917761ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent31
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0TRIP11 CL E G H932112305ORPHA:93299Achondrogenesis type 1AHP:0040281 - Very frequent133
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0VCP CL E G H741512666ORPHA:275864Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent63
HP:0000474HP:0000474Thickened nuchal skin fold0VCP CL E G H741512666ORPHA:100070Progressive non-fluent aphasiaHP:0040281 - Very frequent63


Genes (56) :ABCC6 ALG9 ATP6V1B2 C9ORF72 CBL CHMP2B EBP EFNB1 ENPP1 FOXF1 GATA1 GRN HNRNPK HRAS KRAS LAMA5 LZTR1 MAPT MRAS NRAS OFD1 PEX1 PEX10 PEX11B PEX12 PEX13 PEX14 PEX16 PEX19 PEX2 PEX26 PEX3 PEX5 PEX6 PIGN PSAT1 PSEN1 PTPN11 RAF1 RASA2 RIT1 RNU4ATAC RRAS RRAS2 SLC26A2 SLC35A2 SOS1 SOS2 SPRED2 SQSTM1 TBC1D24 TMEM106B TRAF7 TREM2 TRIP11 VCP

Diseases (24) :ORPHA:758 ORPHA:79328 OMIM:263210 ORPHA:79500 ORPHA:275864 ORPHA:100070 ORPHA:648 ORPHA:401973 ORPHA:1520 OMIM:265380 OMIM:190685 OMIM:616580 ORPHA:3071 OMIM:620076 OMIM:300209 ORPHA:912 ORPHA:2059 ORPHA:284417 ORPHA:2636 ORPHA:93298 ORPHA:356961 OMIM:220500 OMIM:618164 ORPHA:93299
 

Human Phenotype Ontology(HPO) is developed by the Human Phenotype Ontology Consortium. The version used here is December 15 2022 release.